unit 10 | Unit 10

Learning aim A

Understand codes and conventions of fictional film production

A1: Narrative filmmaking - purpose formats narrative structures and visual storytelling

A2 : Genre audience and textual analysis

Horror

mise-en scene

how horror films use settings in their films is that they normal pick places that have low-key lighting or abandoned places like house hospitals and more they use places that have low-key lighting because it is easy to get a jump scare and also easier to scare people that are watching they use these abandoned places because these are places that humans shouldn't be around and most people do believe that supernatural stuff normal happen in places that are abandoned

There are many different types of costumes that can be used in a horror film for example if we are talking about the monster they can be in a mummy costume a zombie an alien there are many different costumes but other monsters in horror films the costumes are very casual costumes it isn't anything crazy like designer brands or very colourfully outfits they are normal in colours like black grey colours that wont stand out it is mainly just casual wear in horror films

The same thing is for props there can be many props for horror films depending on what type of horror it is there can be props like bats, guns, knifes, swords and many more the props are used to give a sense of hope in the horror films that maybe with the weapons can harm the monster or it can be the other way round if the monster has the prop it could be used to make him seem more scary for example Jason has a chainsaw and that gives him more of a scary look others things like mask can also count as props these can be used to strike fear into the audience also make them curious because they will be wondering what is under the mask

The main type of NVC you can see in horror films is facial expressions the main type of facial expression you would see is fear in someones face this is clearly used to show how scared the character is of the monster something that you can notice in horror films is their body language an example is when they are shaking this is used to show the audience how scared the character really is

The main type of lighting you will see in horror movies is low-key lighting this because when it is dark it is easier to scare the audience and it also can create a sense of fear because when it is darker you can't see well and the audience won't know what is going to happen next

camera techniques

In horror films they use a lot of camera techniques to explain different stuff in different ways one main one is the high/low angle camera technique why i think this is a main one is because these camera angles are used to show who is stronger in the scene for example if it is a high angle shot of the monster about to attack a character that shows that the monster is more powerful and the character is feeling belittled while the monster towers over him

If it is a low angle shot on the character this is used to show that he is the weak one and is being over powered

but these aren't the only type of camera technique that they use they camera techniques like close up and extreme close this is to clearly show how the character is feeling at that moment it is normally used to show how scared they are when they are hiding and the monster is nearby

sound technique

The main sound technique that you will see in horror films is silence this is one of the best ways to use silence in a film silence in horror films help build up suspense for a jump scare

Another type of sound technique that might be used in a horror film is non-diegetic sound this is a very popular sound technique which can also help build suspense in horror films because they can play a scary audio so that they can let the audience know that something is going to happen then they would normally cut the audio and use silence to even greater the suspense in the scene then they will add a jump scare

And a sound technique that is in all type of films is dialogue this is the most simply it is just the characters speaking to each other and making it easier for the audience to understand what is going on in the film

editing technique

One of the main editing techniques that are in horror films are quick cuts this is a a really helpful editing technique to us after a jump scare because it can leave the views wondering if the character really died or if they managed to escape also sometimes they will quick cut to a to another character that heard it and keep the scene going after the jump scare

A cutaway is also another editing technique that can also be used in a horror film this is because of the settings horror films are filmed in and this type of editing technique also allows the audience to see the type of setting even better

characters/stereotypes

The common stereotypes that you will see in horror movies is the female character wanting to be saved by another character portraying the female character as the damsel in distress and normal when they do need someone to play as the monster in a horror show it will be a male not a female this could be because it is a stereotype that males are more stronger than females also it will be more scarier for the audience when it is a male character playing as the villain the protagonists is normally a male as well because in a horror movie you will need a character that is brave and isn't scared to face the antagonist which will likely be a male the reason a male would be the protagonists over a female is because males are show as strong powerful and confident while on the other hand girls are dependent of males

stock situations

The common narrative in horror films is there will normally be a group and this group would do something bad to get themselves into danger which will lead to them fighting the monster the antagonists and at the end they can end up winning or losing they normally do end up winning but not without a sacrifice for example someone in the group can die to make it seem like it was a real challenge for the group or sometimes the antagonists can win this has started to become more common making it more realistic because most humans cant handle supernatural stuff

but if the characters didn't know each other from before then normally it is the antagonists that brings them together for example it could be a curse that lead them all to the same place and they team up to take down the curse

Action

mise-en-scene

There are a lot of places where action films can be set but you can see them in settings like car parks high-ways and many more different places even houses some of these places are normally run down because if there is a fight scene going on the background needs to match it so they might be fighting near locations where there are broken buildings just for it can match the fight scene going on

Costumes can be a lot of tings you can see them in luxury suits sometimes or you can seem them is some casual street wear or even some ripped clothes because they are fighting and there is blood and holes all over their clothes

You can see main props that the main props that i think you are likely to see is any type of weapon like a gun or knife or even a sword anything that can be used for fighting there can also be many different type of props but most of them will be used for fighting because it is an action movie

For NVC there is a lot since it is an action film there is a lot going on normally in action films you can tell from their facial language that they are anger some films do this without the actor talking in action movies a lot of NVC is used not just only to show anger but also to show many different emotions like when someone is upset they will show their facial expression clearly because you can see tears on their face or you can clearly see how upset they are

But you they also show NVC through body language how they do this is the emotion they show is fear you can see this when the persons body is shaking this will normally be when they are in a bad position in the film for example if they are about to get harmed

The type of lighting you would see in an action is a mix of both low-key and high-key lighting this is because there will be some scenes that would look better in low-key lighting than high-key for example fighting scenes would look better in low-key lighting but stuff like when characters are talking to each other or other scenes that aren't major they would probably use high-key lighting

Camera technique

There is a lot of camera techniques used in action films one camera technique they do use is hand-held they use because when they want to record a chase scene when the character is running through a busy street the hand-held camera effect makes it look like someone is chasing them through the crowd

Another camera technique is POV normally in action movies they want you to feel like you are really there and part of that action so they use a POV shot to put you in the characters position

sound techniques

sound techniques that are used in action films are non-diegetic sounds these sound audios are normally used in the fighting scenes in action films sometimes they might even use diegetic sound for example if a character is listening to music he could get interrupted and it would lead into a fight scene then the sound would change from diegetic to non-diegetic sound

And just like any other films dialogue is also used in action movies dialogue in movies help the audience keep up with the movie and the storyline of the movie

In action movies background effects will also be added in this is stuff like explosions cars going by many different background noises that you hear in your day to day life giving the film that realistic effect.

editing techniques

Editing techniques you would see in action movies are match on action this type of editing technique helps in the fighting scenes of the action films keeping the fight going with different angles of the fight from cutting from one angle to another

another type of editing technique you would see in action films are eyeline match this type of editing technique is normally used because in action films there are a lot of tense scenes and a lot of questions to be answered during an action movie so this would be the best type of shot to use for something like that

In action films they might also use elliptical editing because they cant film every fighting scene because it would take up to much time and the movie would get dragged on for to long

characters/stereotypes

The type of characters you would see in action flms are normal people that are very violent and these are normal the protangonist and normal the peole around him and also the antagonist but these roles are normal played by men but it isnt rear to see females in action movies playing the same part as men but in some of these movies you can see the men over powering the females in stuff like fight scenes this is a comman stereotype that males are stronger than females you can also see that in most action films even when the females do take roles where they fight in the action films the male characters are always stronger than the females also supporting the stereotype that males are stronger than females

stock situations

The comman narrative in action movies is to take down the antagonist because most of the time the antagonist is up to something bad and he wants to do something that can harm the world but sometimes it isnt as big as harming the world sometimes the antagonist has done something to the protagonist and he is trying to get his revenge or sometimes it can be the other way round most of the time the protagonist forms a group to take down the antagonist and normaly the antagonist would have a lot of henchmen with him as backup character to help thme with their plans

Romance

mise-en scene

In romance films there can be many different type of settings used examples are places like beaches parks churches and many different examples these are very popular locations because these are places that most people would consider romantic in todays society so then will use it in romance films so that people would be able to relate or understander clearly that it is a romance film.

the type of costumes you would see in romance films are costumes dresses and suits or some casual wear i say this because in most romance films you can see the couple get married towards the end of the film and you will see the male characters in the suits and the females in dresses but if they don't have an wedding scene in the romance film you will see the characters normal dress in casual wear nothing to expensive and nothing to cheep

The type of props that you would see i romance movies are stuff like flowers a ring and maybe even a guitar there are also many different props but these are just some of the main ones how these props are used for example a flower is normal given to the female character by the male character this is also the same as the ring but the guitar is used by the male character to play to the female character to get her attention

the type of NVC you would see in romance movies are stuff like an happy facial expression you will normal see the two characters kiss or hug and they do this in the films to show how much the characters really do care for each other without expression any words

The type of lighting that you would see in romance movies are a mix between both high-key and low-key but it would mainly be high-key just to make everything clear and visabule for the audience and if they did use low-key lighting it wouldn't really match a romance scene if everything was dark and scary it would fit a horror film scene more

Camera techniques

The type of camera techniques you would see in romance films are many different type of shots like extreme long shots close ups and more the reason they would use a shot like an extreme long shot is because is romance films the location of the place can look really amazing or it could mean something in the film for example at the beach while the sun is setting this is a common setting in romance films and it looks really nice so they would get a shot of the setting while the characters are still in the shot

The reason why i say a close up is common in horror films is because these shots are used when the two characters are close to each other and about to kiss or if they are kissing this is just a clear view of what is going on for the audience but it can also be used to show the audience how close they are to each other but there are also many different type of shots used in romance films like mid shot, long shot and wide angle these shots can also be used in many different ways.

Sound technique

The type of sound techniques that you would see in romance films are sounds like diegetic and non-diegetic how these sound techniques are used in most romance film the character could be in an cafe listening to music and we would be able to hear it or they could be in school this is an example of how romance film use diegetic sound and how they use non-diegetic sound is normally when something romantic is going on like a kissing scene they will normally play music for the audience to hear but not the characters so the sound would be added in post editing

But another sound effect that can also be used is background sound how they would use this is for places that are crowed or busy the people talking in the back are an example of background noise this helps the film seem more realistic and also makes it feel like the artist are in the right place

Editing techniques

The are many different editing techniques used in romance films for example techniques like long takes, eye-line shot and an reaction shot an example of a long take being used is when something romantic is happening it would normally be a long shot of what is going on then it will cut to another scene or later on in the same scene this is because in romance film when a romantic scene is going on the just don't show it for a few seconds because then it will be to short so for them to make it long enough they would use a long take

How they use eye-line shots in romance films is when one of the characters normally see something that can change the story in the film they would use an eye-line shot for example when the character finds out where to find the other character because they have been split up or it could be something way different but it is something that can still change the storyline

Characters/stereotypes

The type of characters you would see in romance films and the type of stereotypes you would see is normally the male being more dominant and the male going after the female you wouldn't see the female going after the male

another type of stereotype you would see is the female being the damsel in distress this is something really common in romance film where the female needs to be saved by the male also supporting the stereotype that females are dependent and males are independent

Stock situations

Normally in romance films the main narrative is the two characters trying to be together but there is always something stoping them for example it could be their parents or that they live far away it could be many things that there is always a challenge for them to be together the characters in romance films are normally characters that are shown as hey will do anything to get with the other character

comedy

Mise-en scene

The type of locations that would be used in comedy films are any type of location it can be simply places like house and other places like parks the reason they don't really use these amazing locations because they don't want the location to take the focus away from the fact that it is a comedy movie and that they want people to laugh so for locations you won't see them in places you would people in horror movies in

Camera technique

They type of camera techniques they would use in comedy films are techniques like wide angle mid shot long shot the reason why i said that they would use shots like this is because these are the type of shots where you can fit everyone in the scene in without having to cut it to a different character each time while they are talking it also saves a lot of time for the people that are filming

sometimes they can use shots like an establishing shot to show people the house before they cut to the scene inside the house

those are just some of the main shots that are used in comedy films

Sound technique

The type of sound technique used in comedy films are mainly background sound effects this because when they are in popular and crowed places they need the background effect of people talking to make it seem real to the audience there are also many different type of background sound effects like cars passing by and many different ones

Another popular sound technique that can also be used is diegetic and non-diegetic sound effects these are very popular in film making and helps create effect for example they might use non-diegetic sound to make the audience laugh because they might use a funny sound that is only meant for the audience to hear

Editing techniques

The type of editing techniques that you would see in comedy movies are techniques like long takes quick cuts and a few more how they would use shots like long takes is when they have a funny scene going on they would usally use a long take just to keep the scene going smoothly so that they don't add to many cuts

And the quick cuts will be useful to cut between different scenes so that the audience wont have to be being waiting and they will instally be in a new scene

Character stereotypes

The type of stereotypes you would see in comedy films are it is normally the males making most of ore than females as there would normal be more male cast for the film also they like to use peoples ethnicity as a joke in some films for example gloria in modern family they use her spanish ethnicity to make jokes and to make the audience laugh sometimes in comedy films they might use disable people to try get a laugh out of the audience but this isn't really common that much nowadays

Drama

Mise-en scene

The type of locations you would see in drama films are locations that would really stand out for example they would be places like houses but normally not higher class houses they use higher class house sometimes but normally it is middle class but in drama films sometimes they can really switch up the location and they can use something that does stand out because there was a big change in the story but overall the locations in drama films aren't stuff that can really stand out like in action or horror films

The type of costumes in drama films aren't any thing to really stand out most of the time normally it would just be casual wear no cloths that are really in the designer brand just simple clothes that don't stand out but in some drama they do use cloths that would really stand out because it might be a different kind of drama film involving stuff that are more to the higher class side

You can see many different types of props in horror films for example you could see stuff like guns, suitcase, glass, money and there are many more these type of props are used to help uncover the storyline more and more to find out more information in the film so props are a really useful thing in drama movies

In drama films NVC is something they like to use an example is if two characters are in a bad situation one character might signal to the other character to do something to help them out without speaking and also facial language is something that you can pick up on for example when they are shocked to hear a piece of information the camera would make the subjects face the main thing on the screen just to get their reaction

The type of lighting they would use in drama films is also a mix of both low and high-key lighting i say this because in some scenes they would use high-key but in some they would use lowkey this is because they would need the lighting to match the mood so they would use a mix of both to match it

Camera techniques

They type of camera techniques they would use in drama films are techniques like close up mid shot long shot and a lot more the reason they would normally use shots like this is because these are the main type of camera techniques that would see be used in drama films shots like the close up helps show NVC in the scene with the characters shots like long shots help fit everything in the scene and they might also use shots like wide angle also just to help fit everything in the screen from the scene for the audience but these are just some of the camera techniques that they use there are a lot more that they use

Sound techniques

The type of sound techniques that they would use in drama films are techniques like diegetic and non-diegetic sound background noise dialogue these are the most common sound techniques sound techniques like dialogue is used in every type of film but has a bigger effect in drama films this is because in drama films you find out most of the important information in the film through dialogue also helping the storyline progress techniques like background noise is also very common making everything that is going on in the scene match the vibe of where they are this could be next to a road while the cars are going by or in a mall the background noise of the people around the.

Editing techniques

The type of editing techniques you would see in drama films are techniques like eye-line match reaction shots and quick cuts how they would use a technique like eye-line match in a drama film is because it is a drama film this type of editing technique will help create suspension which is great for a drama film you can do the same with the other shots i mention they all help create suspension for any type of film not just drama films if you use them right.

Characters/stereotypes

The type of characters and stereotypes you would see in drama films is that normally the protagonist is played by a male actor so is the antagonist this is one of the common stereotypes in drama films but there are also some occasions where the roles can be switched and the protagonist can be played by a male but you don't really see females as antagonist depending on what type of drama film it is the stereotypes can be very strong and clear for example the males in the drama films are more violent and more independent on the other hand females are more dependent

Stock situations

Normally in drama films it is mainly good at the start or sometimes it can start with the protagonist hearing a piece of information which helps start the storyline also normally later on in the show the protagonist will find out more information unfolding the story bit by bit keeping the audience watching trying to find out what will happen at the end most of the time the protagonist will have a friend help him out at the start but sometimes they meet new people as the story goes on and they help him throughout the story

SCI-FI

Mise-en scene

The type of locations you would see in sci-fi are really different from all the other film genres these locations tend to stand out a lot for example it can be places like space ships places not even in this world these type of locations keeps the story interesting for the audience because they are so different and unique from the other genres

For the costumes in sci-fi films most of the time it is stuff that you wouldn't really see in different genres for example they could be wearing space suits or some type of outfit that can help them fight that you wouldn't see anyone wearing but sometimes you can see them in suits or casual wear but it is the other outfits that catch the audience attention

This also goes for the props you can see many different props like guns knifes suitcases but you can also see stuff like alien guns which help keep the story interesting and fun for the audience and just like the locations and costumes they use unique props as well making it way different from other genres

The type of NVC you can pick up in sci-fi films are normally facial reactions like people being surprised this is because it is stuff that humans haven't seen before like aliens so they would be surprised to see that

The type of lighting you would see in sci-fi films are is a lot of high-key light because there would be stuff like ufo there would be a lot of high-key light coming from it and also when they go to those locations that are unique and different there would also be a lot of high-key lighting used

Camera technique

The type of camera angle that would be used in sci-fi films are shots like extreme long shots close up mid shots and also long shots this is because a shot like the extreme long shot helps show the setting of the place because they use good and uniq places so it would be a waste not to show and shots like long shots help fit everything in the scene that is going on so that also means that they can use shots like wide angle to also help fit everything in that is happening in the scene and the shots like the mid shot help fit the scenes for the conversations in when it is only a few characters talking

sound technique

The type of sound techniques you can see in sci-fi films are are stuff like diegetic and non-diegetic also background noise background noises would be really important because they need uniq sounds to help fit in with the setting dialogue is also very important because the audience would need to understand what is going and what type of area they are going to so that everything would make sense to the audience so the dialogue is there so that the audience would be able to keep up with the story how non-diegetic sound would be used could be at the start of the film when being introduced to a character you could also use diegetic sound for the same thing

Editing technique

The type of editing techniques that would be used in sci-fi films are techniques like eye-line match long takes reaction shot the reason shots like reaction shot and eye-line match would be used is because when they reveal something big in the story this could be things like a ufo a alien anything supernatural or anything that has a big part in the story and they would also use shots like long take because there is a lot of interesting scenes that goes on and they would keep them on for a while

Character/stereotypes

The type of characters you would see in sci-fi films are normally brave characters that aren't scared and the protagonist is normally a male character this is because males would fit this type of role better because of the stereotypes that come with them so they would for example they are dependent strong and brave so because those are the stereotypes surrounded by males they would use a male for the protagonist sometimes the protagonist can have a second character with him this

stock/situations

The common narrative pattern that you would see in sci-fi films are normally the protagonist would normally know about all the supernatural stuff but sometimes they get dragged into it and end up fighting against something supernatural or seeing something supernatural and they would end up winning after that it would go back to normal and they would continue with their life's

Also normally when the characters that haven't encountered the supernatural stuff are normally really surprised when they fist see it they show this through the NVC of the characters

Fantasy

Mise-en scene

Normally in fantasy films the location is something that you wouldn't see in this world it could be places like forests but there is normally something going on with the forest that could be it move so the locations they use aren't your normal type of location

The type of costume you would see in a fantasy film is normally casual clothes the clothes in fantasy films aren't really there to stand out so that is why the clothes are so casual because they aren't really meant to grab their attention

You can see many different type of props in fantasy films you can see props like wonds this is just one of the type of props that you can see the props in fantasy films are normally props that really help within the story-line

The type of NVC that you would see in fantasy films is normally a surprised facial expression because everything is just so different and you won't expect to see stuff like that

The type of lighting that would be shown in fantasy films is more high-key lighting this is because when low-key lighting is used it is normally used to scare people but high-key lighting is for the more casually and there is a lot of casually scenes in fantasy films but sometimes there can also be use of low-key lighting but high-key lighting would be used more.

Camera techniques

The type of camera techniques you would see is a range of techniques like long shots mid shots all type of shots and also shots like extreme long shots the reason they would use shots like long shots and extreme long shots is because they would want to also catch the setting in the scene as well but to also catch what is going on in the scene

Sound technique

The type of sound techniques that would be used in fantasy films are techniques like diegetic and non-diegetic but in fantasy films they use a lot of non-diegetic sounds this is because they use these sounds to fit the mood of the scene so that it can affect the audience more also but there is also some examples of diegetic sounds for example it could be when a character is singing a song and it becomes a sound in the film these are just two of the main examples there is also techniques like background noise soundtrack

Editing techniques

There are a lot of editing techniques used in fantasy films some of them are transitions quick cuts or sometimes it could be breaking the forth wall the reason transitions are used in fantasy films is because it makes it look better and gives it a cooler affect why they use quick cuts is because normally after they have just played a quick scene they would want it to end quickly so they would use a quick cut they would also use techniques like wipe, fade and also wash.

Character stereotypes

Normally in fantasy films there is always a group this ground would normally be a mix with boys and girls the protagonist of the show can either be a male or female it isn't really that big in fantasy films because the group would have both genders in it a common stereotype in fantasy films is that the males are more brave than the females and more stronger this is also another common stereotype linked with males

stock/situations

The common narrative in fantasy films are normally a group of people would find something that you wouldn't normally see and they would go explore it and find out more about it that is when something goes wrong and it affects the whole storyline if they don't find a way to change it but at the end they normally do but it is not easy and it does take them a while

Task two: theory

Horror

Todorov

How todorov theory is used in horror films is when at the start of the film it would be known as the equilibrium this is when all the characters are being introduced and we are getting to know more about te film. Then normally we would see a disruption in the film but only we would see it and normally the characters in the show wouldn't know about it.

That is when the disequilibrium starts this is when one of the characters find out so this is when the problems start this could be one of the characters seeing the monster or it could be them getting into a fight wit the monster. After than it is the repair this is where we see them plan on what they are going to do to stop the monster or how they would win against whatever they are going against.

Then we are in the eqilibrium this is when they have solved the problem and have defeted the monster and everything has went back to normal but sometimes we can get left on a clif hanger showing that there will be a second movie

Neale

How the neale theory is used in horror is that most horror films are the same trying to subvert stereotypes in horror films is hard if you subvert thestereotypes to much it won't be classififced as a horror film no more so how most horror films do it is that most horror films have a lot of different narratives for eample it ould be stuff like a murder myset it could be a school type of horror film there are so many differnt type of horror films that do subvert stereotypes and aren't the common type of horror films you see nowadays.

But there are a lot of times where films use conventions of the genre to fit in for eample in horror genres they use stuff like jump scares silence low-key lighting they use stuff like that to make it seem like a horror film because those are the conventions suround by the horror genre.

Levi

How the levi theory is used is horror films is they would swap the roles for example normally the monster in the horror film would be a male like jason fredy these are popular monsters in horror films but sometimes it can be females you can see them as ghost or many different type of monsters as a female even a mummy and sometimes the main role is played by a female that is in a group with males as the background characters.

Another way it could be used is sometimes it would make it look like the evil is the good side as that is the side the audience is waything it form that is anther way to eplain the theory.

Barthes

How the barthes theory is used in horror films for example it could be a use of a sound for example if the monster is nearby there might be a specifi type of sound he makes showing the audience and the characters that he is nearby another type of eample is the way the character is shown for example the main one would be him scared any sign of the character being scared is a gesture that shows the audience how they feel in that moment of time it could even be anger there are many differnt examples

Comedy

Barthes

How the barthes theory is used in comedy films is they normally use sound effects for something funny when something funny happens they would play a sound effect to make it more funny

They also use gestures to make stuff funny in comedy films this could be stuff like funny faces to make the audience laugh because it is a comedy so funny destures can make people laugh they can even use funny photos to help the audience laugh

Levi

How the levi theory is used in comedy films is for eample it could be used as an old vs young this is different from other comedy films fitting in with the levi theory

Todorov

How the todorov theory is used in comedy is they would start with the equlibrium this is when we are introduced to the protagonist and we are also introduced to either his family members or friends then normally there would be a problem in the story this could be one of their friends going missing because they had a party or maybe they lost something vauleable there are many examples.

After this is when the disequilibrium started when all the characters find out about the problem and they start and they start finding out more about it the problem

Then they start thinking of a plan to repair the situation.

Now we are in the new equilibrium this is when the problem has been soloved and the peoblem has been long past them and everything is back to normal normally there wont be any cliff hangers in comedy movies.

Neale

How the neale theory is used conventions to match the comedy genre is they use a lot of common stereotypes to match the genre like a male being the main character being the male but they do subvert some stereotypes to make it not like every other comedy film for example sometimes the main character can be a female and it can also be involed around a whole female cast instead of main male cast

Action

Barthes

How the barthes theory is used in action films is they use sounds like explosions and more to match the genre of action also can involve sounds like cars going by and more.

The type of gestures you can see in action movies are stuff like hand signs that could mean something in the film

How they use images is they might have photos to explain the story more or they might use it to introduce the story

Levi

How they use the levi theory in action films is for example they would use the opposites an example for this would be good vs evil but then it could also be seen as the evil side being the good side in action films there are many ways you can see the film from different ways

Todorov

how the Todorov theory is used in action films is they start with the equilibrium this is where we are being introduce to the characters and everything that we need to know and everything that is going on in the world.

After this we would see the problem of the story but this would be for the audience to see not the characters so this could be the villian entering the world without the characters knowing

This is when the recognition of the disruption starts so this is when the characters in the story recognize the problem for example this could be when one of the characters see the villian or when the villian makes himself know by destroying stuff that is when the characters would find out about the problem

This is when the characters attempt to repair the damage for example this could be the characters going to fight the villian and llove the problem themselves

This is when the new equilibrium starts this is when the problem is done with and everything is back to normal there is no villian or anything bad

Neale

How the neale theory is used in action films is that most actions all do use something that is simulair so that the audience will know that it is an action film for example most of the time it is a villian trying to take over the world or the villain could be trying to defeat the main group or they would try destory the world there are many different things that are simulair in action films that makes it fit in that action genre

Thriller

Barthes

How the barthes theory is used in thriller films is they can use many different ways to talk to the audience for example gestures they can mean a lot in a thriller movie for example the bird box in that type of thriller movie gestures where really important because they weren't able to talk a lot in the movie so they had to use gestures and images to send messages to the audience for example when they would feel stuff to find out more about there are many different examples because that movie was based on sending the audience a message in a different way compared to other films

Levi

How they use the levi theory in thriller films is that in most thriller films you can see a female taking the role as the protagonist this this can help thicken the plot and further the narrative and introduce contrast

Todorov

How the todorov theory is used in thriller films is they start with the equilibrium this is just the start of the show where we are introduced to the protagonist and everything we need to know about the story like the location where the film is set the side characters and more

After the audience is shown the problem in the story so something bad that happens in the story and normally the other characters won't find out till later so it is just for the audience to see

This is when the recognition of the disruption starts this is when the characters find out what the problem is for example it could be someone explain to them what happened or they could witness it themselves there are many ways a character can realise the problem in thriller films.

This is when the attempt to repair the damage starts so when the character try's to fix the problem how this is normally played out in thriller movies is that they would normally go head on with the problem which could result to fight scenes or scenes where they go to try stop the problem without a fight

Now this is when the new equilibrium starts this is when we almost everything is back to normally they have handled the problem but their might be something that changed the story for example the location might have be destroyed or they ,might have lost someone stuff like that give it the name the new equilibrium because it is the same as the start of the story but they had a problem which change the story

Task three: Narrative

Enigma Codes

The enigma code is simply a theory that suggests a text (whether that can be television film or a poster) portrays a mystery to draw an audience in this allows the audience to pose questions and as such become intrigues in the piece.

non-linear

If you describe something as non-linear you mean that it does not progress or develop smoothly from one stage to the next in a logical way. Instead it makes sudden changes or seems to develop in different directions at the same time.

Linear

A linear process or development is one in which something changes or progresses straight from one stage to another and has a starting point and an ending point.

multi strand narrative

The narrative structure in television programmes and movies does not always follow one storyline this allows the shows producers to link narratives over a series of episodes encouraging the viewers to keep up to date as the narrative progresses.

Serial narrative

Serial narrative is the story if you will of a writers ideas and the reactions of his or her audience if it's good it has a kind of voice a set of familiar characters some action moving.

Series narrative

A narrative story or tale is any account of a series of related events or experiences whether nonfictional (memoir, biography, news, report, documentary, travelogue) or fictional (fairy tale, fable, legend, thriller, novel).

Flexi narrative

This is the most complex of all narrative structures with many narratives interwoven as the media text progresses this type of narrative tends to have complex characters that are ambiguous which creates tension and mystery. A good example of this type of flexi narrative would be the crime drama river.

Episodic drama

Dramatic theatre has a plot or story dramatic theatre in his view should engage the audience in an emotional experience only for their time in the theatre scenes are episodic which means they stand alone and are constructed in small chunks rather than creating a lengthy and slow build of tension.

Unrestricted narrative

Unrestricted narration is when the viewer knows more than the character which helps build suspense. Restricted narration limits the viewer to what characters know which helps create greater curiosity in the viewer and can lead to surprise.

Restricted narrative

Providing a view from the perspective of a single character. For example restricted narration reveals information to the audience only as a specific character learns of it.

LAA: Core assessment

Mise-en-scene

In this action short film there is a clear pattern in their clothing most characters in the clip are wearing all black the reason for this is because black is a colour that doesn't blend in like the other colours for example colours like green red yellow and many more are colours that can really stand out. The colour black also has connotations of death which is also something that happened in the short film most people that wore black in the short film where up to no good and wanted to kill. This shows that all the costumes where linked to the story and matched in with what was going on in the short film.

You can also see other type of costumes in the background when the parade was going on something common in the parade was the colour green there was a lot of people wearing the colour green showing the audience that this was a specific type of parade but it also helped give more design to the background audience making it look more interesting.

The costume that raven was wearing was used to show his position in the group the fact that he was wearing a suit and the rest of the people that was working for him where all wearing street clothes shows that he is in a higher position than them this is something that is used in action films sometimes. This also goes for the people that where also wearing suits in the hotel you could tell that they where more dangerous because of the type of clothing this also shows that they are at a higher rank than the guys that are in street clothes because they are allowed to have weapons. Suits connate too being serious and responsible that is why characters like raven are wearing suits. The suits they are wearing are also black and black suits can be used for stuff like funerals or to mourn a death.

The colour black on clothing was used throughout the short film the reason why most of the characters where wearing black is because they don't want to stand out because they are up to no good and don't want to bring attention to themselves an example of this is when the protagonist was taking out raven. This is an good example of why he was wearing all black because you can hear in the background the police so since he is wearing black it will be harder for the police to notice him because the colour doesn't stand out and it would be harder to see since it is dark.

They had more than one location that stood out in the short film. The first location we saw was the hotel why i feel like they used this location was because it is a location that is used in action films the location doesn't have that much meaning behind it but what you can say about it is that it gives of a mystery vibes that is because it would lead us to think why are they in a hotel and what could they be doing there. The hotel is also a good location to be introduced to because we won't have to think to deep about it for example if it was a place like a warehouse or a facility these type of locations would have the audience thinking to much about it if it was used at the start of the short film. As for the hotel it doesn't require that much questioning and in a few minutes we was able to understand why he was in the hotel and why it was et in a hotel.

That isn't the only location that was used another location was the street where the parade was going on they used this location because it could give them many different type of camera techniques and since a parade was going on it allowed them to use a camera technique like hand-held but it also helped add action to the short film if it wasn't for the street location they wouldn't have been able to use the ally way fight. They also used this location because it was how the protagonist was going to make an escape and it would make sense if he tried to lose them in the street because there was a parade going on and there are so many options he can choose from to lose them.

After location they used was the ally way scene this is where the fight scene happened the reason they used an ally way was because it is a common place where fights can go down in action films. Another reason they used it was because since there was a parade going on they couldn't fight in a public place because there would be to many people that saw the fight so it wouldn't make sense. So the reason they used an ally way for the fighting scene was because it is a place where fights can happen and it is common for fights to happen there. Another scene where a fight happened was the stairway when the protagonist was trying to escape. The reason i feel like they used this location was because when he was trying to get away from the enemies in the hotel he couldn't use the lift because it was to late but the stair way was still free for him to escape from. A stairway is also place where you can see fights happen in action films this location is only used when the character is trying to escape the building or when he is trying to enter the building. So the locations like the alley way and stairway are normally used for fighting scenes the alley way is more common because it is easier to get done.

Another location that was used was the car park for the meet at the end the reason i feel like they used a car park was because in action films even drama films a car park is a normally place for a meet up this also gives it that action feeling making it fit in with the action genre in action films a car park location can mean many stuff for example it could be a location where the characters meet up or it can be where someone gets set up and in the short film we saw them use the set up example. The reason why they use the car park location instead of a location like a park or forest is because the car park location is used a lot in action films so it was a good way of fitting it in the action genre.

In the short film you can see that a lot of low-key lighting an example of them using it was when he was in the hotel in the hotel the main source of light was from the lights in the building when he was walking in the hall way and when he entered the room they used low-key lighting again and the only source of light was the windows why they used low-key lighting throughout that scene was because low-key lighting can also help build tension which is what they needed in that scene since he was trying to escape without getting caught. They also used low-key lighting when filming the final scene on the car park you can see from the sky that it is dark but not that dark the reason they used low-key lighting in this scene is because it need to fit the mood most of the time films use a lighting choice it will always fit the mood in the scene if it was a happy scene for example two people meeting for the first time they are more likely to use high-key lighting but for this example they use low-key lighting because it is a type of lighting technique that would be used for happy scenes they will use low-key for the audience to know that something bad is going to happen. Low-key lighting was used throughout the short film in some scenes you can see that it was already kind of dark outside but you can tell that they done some post editing to make it even more dark but not to dark so that the audience wouldn't notice.

There where many different props in the short film. In some films props are there to match the genre or what is going on in a scene but in this short film props where used to help explain and uncover the story for example you can see the first prop was a hacking device to help him get into the hotel room this is an example of a prop that helps uncover the story but this isn't the only one he had other props like a drill, wire cutter, suite case, laptop and phone. They also used other props like a pipe they used this prop as a weapon this is an example of a prop that doesn't help uncover the story but helps in the scene that is going on from the use of this prop the audience was able to understand that he was about to die and he was losing the fight.

That is not the only prop used as a weapon. In action films weapon props are used through the movie at the end of the film you could see that the protagonist was on a rooftop with a sniper you could this prop was used to end the short film. The sniper had a big role to play in the short film as it was the prop that ended the antagonist.

NVC is something you will see in any type of film it can be horror romance or sci-fi NVC will always be there how they used NVC in this film is to show the emotions and also the type of characters they are for example the characters in suits that walked into the hotel you could see in their facial expression how serious they where they had very still faces showing no emotion showing that they where there to get the job done. They also show NVC when the protagonist is leaving the hotel you can see that he is in a rush and panicking they show this by the way he is looking around to see if anyone is there how quickly he took of his gloves so that he wouldn't waste anytime and wouldn't get caught. You can see the panic in his face when he sees the elevator and he turns and makes a run for it showing that he is in a rush to get out. They also use NVC when they show the reaction on the antagonist in the hotel when they are to late you can see the anger in the characters face and you also see him enraged when he throws an item across the room.

Another example of them using NVC is when the protagonist makes it out the hotel you can see how cautions he is and it also shows that he is a professional. When he has successfully escaped the hotel you can see that he is checking his surroundings and also behind making sure no one is following or watching him. This just shows that he has done stuff like this before and it is not his first time this also helps the audience understand that as well without showing his backstory so making it easy for them to understand.

They also use NVC when the protagonist finishes his fight they use NVC to show the reaction he had when he got betrayed how they show it is you can see the facial and you can see how anger he is to even express in anger more he mashes the phone against the wall. This also shows the audience that he had trust in raven and the fact that he betrayed him it made him mad but it is also shows that he wasn't that close to him because he was able to kill him without thinking about it..

Sound technique

They used a lot of sound techniques but the main sound technique that was used the most was non diegetic sound why they used this was because it helped build up suspension when he was trying to collect the data this type of us for non diegetic sound would have the audience on the edge of their seats wondering if he would get away in time.

This isn't the only sound technique that was used in the short film. Another technique that was used was background noise they used when they where out on the street walking through a crowd in that scene you could hear people talking in the back and musical instruments playing in the back since it was a parade. They used this technique so that everything can match in that scene because it wouldn't make sense if there was no background noise in the back it would make the scene more boring and unrealistic but because they used background noise it fit the scene perfectly giving more meaning and understanding to the scene.

Another example of them using background sound effect is at then end when the protagonist shoot raven you could hear police sirens in the background as soon as the shot was taken. The reason they do this was because they need to add that sense of realism to the scene this is because noises like police sirens connate to bad stuff that is happen nearby so it would make senes to add in the sirens because it matches the scene.

camera technique

In action films a lot of camera techniques are used for example at the start of the short film they started with an establishing shot an establishing shot is normally used at the start of a film because it already introduces the audience to the area they are in without doing many different shots of the area an establishing shot helps you get the whole area in one shot and it won't take as long as you getting many different shots of one area. The establishing shot shows clearly to the audience where they are this helps a lot since it is a short film there isn't much time for the characters to go around the area for the audience to find out.

Another camera technique that was used in the short film was used in the short film was an over the shoulder shot they used it to show what he was doing on the computer the reason they do this is because in that scene the main focus was the computer so they used many different camera techniques to show it for example techniques like POV, panning and zooming they used these techniques to focus on the computer and what is going on.

Another camera technique they used was close up they used a lot throughout the short film an example of this is when he was on the computer and also when he found out raven betrayed him so the purpose of the close up in short film are to show the reactions of the characters they do this because they want the main focus to be the reaction from the character that is why they used a close up in the scene where he found out raven betrayed him because they wanted to show the audience how he is feeling without using dialogue.

editing technique

They use a lot of quick cuts in the short film they use this because it helps create panic and it also gives more energy to the scene which is what they wanted how they used this is they used it when he was getting the data they used the quick cut technique in a scene where they wanted the audience to be at the edge of their seats wondering if he would get all the data before the other people arrived.

Another editing technique that they used is a reaction shot they used this shot when the protagonist was fighting when he killed the target they showed us how he died and then after they showed the reaction of the character and you can tell that he was used to stuff like this because of the way he was going to walk away this reaction shot gave the audience the knowledge they need to know that he has done it before or he has done it many times.

Another editing technique they used was transitions this helps replace a straight forward cut with something that can make it look more interesting the reason they used a transitions is because it was just a scene where the character raven was driving to the meet up point so to make the scene more interesting and not just one long take of him driving they added transitions to make it look better for the audience and not basic and boring.

An editing technique that was used in the short film was dialogue this is a key type of editing technique in most film genres this is because it gives the audience a bigger understanding of the story-line and because of dialogue it was easy for us to understand that he was double crossed by the person he was working for.

Characters/stereotypes

A stereotype that was shown in the short film was that men are violent and strong how they showed this was in the fight scenes. In the first fight scene it was easy for the male to knock out the other one showing that he is strong which also means that it was fitting into the stereotype that men are strong and also brave because they started fighting straight away without no words exchanged.

Another stereotype is that hitmen are normally in black suits which they used in the short film the hitmen that where hired to get the main character they where all in black suits which is a common stereotype that they wear black suits when they are working also showing that they are serious.

The protagonist of the short film was the character called Tyson they clearly showed that he was the main character by introducing him at the start and he was the first character we saw he was also the character that the camera was focused on the most which clearly shows that he was the protagonist. The antagonist of the show was raven at the start you could't really tell who was going to be the antagonist and you wouldn't think that it is raven because at the start it shows that raven is on the protagonist side the reason they done this was so that it would fool the audience and give the audience the more exciting feel of how he got doubled crossed. This was a good way in revealing the antagonist because if they just done a scene where they showed his face it wouldn't have that same excitement behind it. Even from the start of the short film they made us think about how the character raven looks like if he is a male or female if he is black or white the creator of the short film wanted us to think about this raven character to take any reason for us to think he is the antagonist.

Stock situations

In this action short film you can see that when the protagonist encounters one of the enemies it is always the same it is either they fight or run this is something that happens a lot in action films and it is because these are the main two options and in the short film you can see that he ran most of the time this was normally when he was outnumbered but when he had that one on one fight he took it the reason for that is because in actions film there will always be a fight scene it can be one or maybe even 5 different fights scenes in an action films. Fights scenes really helps fight shows into that action genre.

The narrative in this short film suits the narrative for a action film what makes it fit the action genre the most was the fight scene this is because in every action film there will always be a fight scene and these fights scenes need to happen so that the story can progress for example in the short film because of the fight he was able to find out that he was betrayed by raven uncoverin more of the story.

In the short film there was a common patteren that was he was always in trouble in the short film he was always trying to escape people or fight which is a common patteren you would notice in action films this is because after all the introductions at the start there will always be problems which will resort to action happening in the show.

In action films characters can encouter other characters in many different ways how they done it in the retribution short film was from every antagonist he meet he would get closer to the truth then he would find out the truth about raven.

The chain of event was clear to see in this short film at the start you could tell that he was collecting a piece of data for a character calld raven which the audience don't know this helped keep the audience intrested in the short film because they would want to find out more about raven and who he is then we can see that people are after him this is when the problem starts and it is also clear to the audience that the problem in the narrative has started they show this by how the protagonist is in such a rush to escape and make sure they don't catch him they also show the panicin in his face. Then soon that is when the fight scene starts which is key in an action film.

Theorys

How the todorov theory was used in the short film was the they stuck to the narrative plan that you would see in an action movie how they done this was at the start they we was introduced to the location where the short film was taking place and we also see that the main character is up to something but we don't know if it is bad or good the but then later it reveals that he is up to no good how we find out is when we see the men with suits walk into the hotel so now we can tell he is u to no good the reason they done this was because it would take to long to explain through dialogue and other scenes also showing the reaction of the main character it was easier to understand that he is up to no good.

This is when disruption starts in the short film this is when the guards entered the hotel and are asking their way to the room so now he is trying to and he made it out by taking the emergency exit this is where the real problem starts when people are watching him the reason for this is so that they can build up to the recognition.

The main character has now seen more people after him so now he is trying to escape but he is yet to know what is going on this is also the same for the audience because these aren't the guy from last time so now we know that more people are after him keeping the audience interested in what will happen next this is when he gets into a fight with one of the people after him and end up killing him and because of this it helps him find out more information and now he knows everything but what they done in the short film was to make sure that we also found out about ravens betray the same time as the main character this keeps us waiting for the news just like the main character having us watch longer wondering what will happen next in this short film they make it feel like we are with the main character the whole time finding out stuff when he does.

In the short film they use an attempt to to repair the damage this is when the main character goes to take out raven the reason this is the repair is because the main problem was that people where after him but we and he didn't know who was calling the shots this means that the person calling the shots was the problem in the show. Soon we found out that the person calling the shots was the person he was working for raven this was a plot twist in the short film now the main character has gone to solve the problem by killing raven so that everything will go back to level and be repaired.

In the short film you don't get to see the new equilibrium this leaves the short film on a cliff hanger because we don't know if killing raven solved anything it could have made the people that work for him mad and still keep going after him. After he has taken the shot and killed raven we can even hear sirens in the background so he could have been caught by the police.

How neales theory was used in this short film was the props used in the short film would be the ones used in action films for example props like guns, phones and more all these props help fit in the action genre. The costumes that was used in the short film also help match the action genre for example the use of black clothing in the short film also help match the action

The barthes theory was used a lot in the short film for example used in scenes when he was trying to rush out the hotel room when the alarm went of this is an example of the barthes theory using sound to create meaning showing the audience that time is up. You can even see the men in suits using gestures when getting into the hotel room they pointed at the door to confirm the hotel room you could even see one of them mouth a countdown this shows how professional they are.

Mise-en-scene

In this short film you can see that clothing has meaning to it for example the main character Luke he is wear a ballet this is because this costume is used to suit his character and the background for his character. In the short film we find out that he loves to dance even before when he was younger.

You can also see that the type of clothes they wear also represent their class. You can tell that the people with the dirty clothes and holes in them are lower class. You can see the places is like a prison and to separate the people that work there and the people that are trapped there they use cloths to show that for example you can see that some characters are dressed smartly and in clean clothes but the other characters are in dirty clothes showing that they have no power in the garden and are at the bottom of the chain there. So the way they use costumes in this short film is to represent class there but also the position they are ranked in the garden.

Another thing about their costumes is that you can see that a lot of them are wearing stuff like scars or clothing made out of wool to keep them warm these type of clothings connate to the weather being cold where they are.

The type of location they used was a location like a prison but you can tell that it was in the future how you could was because of the voice playing around the garden also at the very start of the short film it shows us some sort of futuristic lamp inside the place but what stands out the most in the location that really tells us that it is set in the future is what is surrounding the building it shows a barrier around the place which is used to stopping people from escaping the place also suggesting that it is some sort of prison because we also find out that you can only come in but there is no exit show us that this is a place where they trap people and try turn them into something else.

We can also see where this place is located at the start it gives us a shot of the whole place but behind it you can see that there is water this just shows that this is meant to be a place where people are not allowed to leave this also suggest that it isn't near that much population that means it isn't close to where people live for example it isn't close to a city that is populated.

Later on it shows what it looks like through the gates you can see that there are no house that people would live in or any type of place that a human would stay in all you see is trees and an abandoned house this backs up the fact that they are away from any type of civilisations.

You can tell the time is in the future by the technology for example the thing that surrounds the place making sure no one can get out but the building itself looks like it hasn't been taken care of in years the this is because later on in the short film you can see a text on the wall which says this is a happy place that keeps flashing this means that it is old and outdated the brick walls are also dirty and rust. Even inside the building you can see how old it is there is a lot of dirt and holes on the walls showing that this placed isn't taken care of and the people in there aren't taken care of and are living in poor conditions.

The type of props they used in the short film wasn't much one of the props that stood out the most was the teddy bear from the kid that was trying to escape not only does this prop shows us the age range of the people in there it shows how bad they are treated in there that kids want to escape. This prop helps create meaning for the audience to understand anything they didn't before

The type of lighting that was used in this short film was a lot of low-key lighting the reason for this was because this short film is a gloomy nothing good is happening in the short film and people are trapped up against their will and you can see that the people there are unhappy so the reason they use a lot of low-key lighting is because it fits the mood of the scene and helps give a deeper meaning to the audience.

Another example of them using lighting to create meaning is when the main character Luke has a flashback you can see that it is much brighter in that scene even the background is pink a bright colour which helps it stand out more this use of high-key lighting shows that this is when Luke was happy and enjoying life then later on in the flashback it starts to get darker and you can see the facial expression on Luke face change. This is another way they used lighting to match the mood of the scene and the characters.

In this short film they used NVC to express emotions of the characters an example of this is when Luke saw what happened to the girl that tried to get away they express her anger through NVC you can see later that he goes to attack the guard he jumps and starts punching him expressing his anger and rage without saying anything to show these feelings.

Another example of NVC being used in the short film was when Luke was dancing with the other character in the room you see her facial expression while dancing you can see that he is smiling the reason the used NVC here is because the audience already know that he is passionate about dancing. The smile lets the audience know that he really enjoys dancing and it is something that will keep him happy where he is. The use of NVC here was it is a better way of showing the characters love for dancing instead of coming out and saying it. Which would be easy for the audience to understand but they used NVC to express it in a different way to make it more so that it is deeper to the character.

camera technique

They used a lot of camera techniques for example they used an establishing shot at the start of the short film the reason for this is because they would want to introduce the type of location they are in quickly without wasting time trying to explain it in different films also because it is a sci-fi the location might be different from the type of places we see today.

Another camera technique they used was zooming they used this when they was showing us Luke flashback they reason they used zooming in this scene was because it was used to create tension because while the camera was zooming there was all sorts of effects going on while that was happening for example the camera was shaking while zooming in the walls on the background started to crack the objects in the back started to shake as well.

Another technique they used was a POV shot they used this shot so the audience can see it from her point of view on how she was escaping but this POV shot also helped show us how she was feeling at the moment how they done this was when in the POV shot you can see that camera is shaking while she looks down at her foot this helps show how she is feeling showing the audience that she is scared how i know this is because if the camera was held still it would suggest that she is confident and not scared but in the scene she is at risk and could lose her life.

Also when she is trying to escape they use shots like close up to show her emotions while she is trying to escape this helps the audience understand how she really feels you can see that she is going through many different type of emotions you can see at first she is scared and worried but then later on you can see that she calms down and starts to focus so that she won't be in a rush and end up inuring himself. So the purpose of this close up was to clearly show the audience how she is feeling in this intense scene which is something that would be key for the audience to understand the feeling of a character in an intense scene. This isn't the only time they used a close up to show the emotion of a character they also used it when Luke saw one of the kids get killed trying to escape you could clearly see that she was shocked and in disbelief.

sound technique

An example of a sound technique they used was non-diegetic sound was when Luke was dancing the audience can hear the music but the characters the reason they used this sound technique was because it fitted the mood that was going on in the scene. If the scene played out as it was with no music it would look awkward. The reason they used non-diegetic instead of diegetic sound was because it wouldn't make sense for them to use diegetic sound because where would the music be playing from and from the previous scenes we seen before it doesn't seem like they would play music in a place like that.

Another example of them using non-diegetic sound is when she is escaping this is because they will need music to match the scene so that it doesn't look boring and it is more exciting to the audience. Before they started playing the non-diegetic audio they used the silence because they wanted to help build up tension at the begin of this scene because it is such an important scene. Tension is something you would want to create in a scene like this for the audience and a great way to do that is the silence audio technique in this scene it was a fight between life and death if he make it out he would get his life back but if not he would die.

They also use dialogue audio this is an important sound technique this was very important in this short film because it helps everyone understand the short film even more because some of the scenes can be confusing and the dialogue really clears up everything.

They also us background sound effects like voices around the building in some scenes you can hear an announce around the building an example of this is when the new people arrarived which is something you hear you places like prisons so this could also mean that it is some sort of prison or common to something like a prison. But this announcement it the background gives us more of an idea on what type of location

Editing technique

The editing technique that they used in this short film was techniques like eyeline match they used this when Luke sure what happened to the kid they used an eyeline match technique to show Luke's reaction this is a better way of showing a characters reaction instead of using editing techniques like quick cuts to show the reaction of another character.

At the start of the short film you can also see that they used a fade when they showed the clip of Luke running at the start then they used the fade technique to show the location and the title of the short film the reason for this technique used here was because at the start they showed a clip of Luke running which would later on be reviled that he was running to escape so they had to use an editing technique to get it at the start of the short film they could have used a different transition technique but they went for black because it was dark in the scene before so if they used a technique liked a wash it wouldn't match the scene that was playing before.

They also used editing techniques like reaction shot they used it at the same scene when she saw what happened to the kid that tried to escape before they showed what happened to the kid you can see the shock and horror in her face before we get to see what happened to her later it then shows the kids legs burned. The reason they used this editing technique is because it can help keep the audience on the edge because they would want to know what would make her react like that it could even lead the audience to think maybe she escape this editing technique can have many different effects on the audience when used right.

Characters/stereotypes

In this short film it was easy to tell that the protagonist was Luke because of the amount of screen time he was getting and also because we saw a bit of his backstory but it wasn't clear on who the antagonist was you could say that it was the first lady we saw with the blue eyes and blond hair but in this short film you can tell there is a deeper meaning behind people like her and maybe she wasn't the one who started it and she was created by someone else. This means the clear image of the antagonist isn't shown but that doesn't mean there is no antagonist in the show the characters that are show as upper class the ones that dress better the ones that talk formal are the ones that are show as the antagonist the reason for this is because they are different from what Luke is you can see that Luke isn't like them by the way he dress and by the way he looks showing the two type of characters in the short film. Another reason you would think of them as the antagonist is because in the show it is clearly show that they stop the people in there from getting out meaning that they are stopping their freedom and having them be trapped in a place they don't like.

Although in the show we couldn't figure out who the main antagonist is in that world we where able to understand the antagonist that where shown to us in the short film but this also helps create a sense of mystery for the audience to wonder what happened to the world and who was the cause of this suggesting that who ever caused this is the main antagonist.

Stock situations

In this short film you can see that when the protagonist Luke has an encounter with one of the antagonist you can clearly see the power that the antagonist have in the location i say this because of the camera technique that they used when Luke was speaking to them when the camera moved to them they used a low angle this is to show that they have more power and also gives and effect of them powering over the audience showing that they have more power.

In the short film you can tell that when Hasu had an encounter with Luke he was interested in his dancing he was trying to spy on him to see him dance and when he got noticed he asked if he could see it again later on Luke ended u teaching him this encounter in the short film shows that not everyone that works in the location are bad but because of these encounters we where able to understand that not all of them are the same the reason the audience would think like this in the first place is because of the first three we where introduced to but when we saw the encounters Luke had with Hasu we where able to understand that they aren't all alike.

Theory

How the Todorov theory was used in this short film was at the start we was getting introduced to the type of time we are in what i mean by this was at the start it was showing us scenes of the building and what type of people are in the building giving the audience and understanding of what time this short film is set in weather it is the past or the future this is the equilibrium.

After this is when the disruptions of the equilibrium happens this is when we see what happens to the kid the reason this is the disruption is because we can see now this place is a place where people are trapped in and have no freedom showing the audience that this is a bad place to be in this disrupts the equilibrium.

The recognition of the disruption is in the same scene when we see the reaction of Luke not only do we the audience find out so does Luke show that he has recognized the disruption the story.

In this short film the attempt to to repair the damage is different that is because of the story line in this short the attempt to repair the damage would be when Luke planes his escape because you could say the damage was the the place he was trapped in.

In the short film we didn't get to see the new equilibrium after Luke escaped that is when the new equilibrium would start but because it ended there we didn't get to see it leaving us on a cliffhanger as well making the audience wondering how it is in the outside world at their time.

How the neale theory was used in this short film was mainly the location they used this is because in sci-fi films most of the time the film isn't set in present day and in another time this can be the past or future you can see that it is set it future because of the technologly that was used to stop people from getting out.

How the barthes theory was used in this short film was in the where Luke was teaching the other character to dance you can see that in between we would some flashbacks of Lukes past life showing us the audience that dancing really means a lot to her as a character giving a deeper meaning to the audience.

Task 4 : proposal

Task 5 : narrative

Learning Aim B